{"id":1059,"date":"2016-06-20T13:46:41","date_gmt":"2016-06-20T13:46:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/?p=1059"},"modified":"2016-09-13T13:42:35","modified_gmt":"2016-09-13T13:42:35","slug":"15-sept-2016-adil-mughal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/?p=1059","title":{"rendered":"15 Sept 2016 : Adil Mughal"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Phyllotaxis, disk packing and Fibonacci numbers<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Speaker : Dr Adil Mughal &#8211; Aberystwyth University, Wales<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Venue \u00a0\u00a0 : Thu 15 Sept 2016, 3pm (Murdoch University, Senate Room)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Phyllotaxis (the arrangement of buds or branches on a stem, or\u00a0 flowerets on a flower) has long been debated [1, 2], particularly in regard to the widespread occurrence of spiral structures that are related to the Fibonacci sequence [3-7]. Over the years hundreds of papers, and several books, have attempted to provide explanations of this phenomenon using models of varying complexity, sophistication and ad hoc inventiveness.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Here we off\u000ber a theoretical model which relates the problem to disk packings, extending previous work [8, 9] that seeks explanations in that way. Our method<br \/>\nis to adapt the closely related problem of the dense packing of hard disks on a cylinder [10{12], where helical symmetry arises naturally, to the present case of<br \/>\nbuds on a gradually enlarging stem.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1060\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1060\" style=\"width: 447px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1060\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/2016_09_15_AdilMughal2.png?resize=447%2C186&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"2016_09_15_AdilMughal2\" width=\"447\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/2016_09_15_AdilMughal2.png?resize=300%2C125&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/2016_09_15_AdilMughal2.png?w=756&amp;ssl=1 756w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1060\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The figure shows the evolving arrangement of buds on a &#8220;bullet shaped&#8221; surface (i.e. the stem) at an initial time T1, and subsequent times T2 and T3. Towards the top the arrangement is characterised in phyllotactic notation [l = m+n; m; n] by the structure [1; 1; 0]. With increasing diameter this structure evolves into more complex arrangements &#8211; i.e. [2; 1; 1] followed by [3; 2; 1]. This is precisely the rule of progression in the Fibonacci sequence. The images on the left show the pattern &#8220;rolled out&#8221; onto the plane while the corresponding figures on the right show the arrangement wrapped seamlessly onto the stem.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"western\">Buds are introduced at the top of a &#8220;bullet-shaped&#8221; surface &#8211; roughly representative of a plant stem, see Fig (1) &#8211; and migrate downwards, while conforming to three principles: dense packing, homogeneity and continuity. Typical results are presented in a video. We show that spiral structures characterised by the Fibonacci sequence (1,1,2,3,5,8,13&#8230;), as well as related structures, occur naturally under such rules.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">A. M. acknowledges fi\fnancial support through Aberystwyth University Research Fund.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">[1] H. Airy, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 21, 176 (1872).<br \/>\n[2] D. Hofstadter and C. Teuscher, Alan Turing: Life and legacy of a great thinker (Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2013).<br \/>\n[3] L. Levitov, JETP letters 54, 542 (1991).<br \/>\n[4] L. Levitov, EPL (Europhysics Letters) 14, 533 (1991).<br \/>\n[5] S. Douady and Y. Couder, Physical Review Letters 68, 2098 (1992).<br \/>\n[6] P. Atela, C. Gol\u0013e, and S. Hotton, Journal of Nonlinear Science 12, 641 (2002).<br \/>\n[7] M. Pennybacker and A.C. Newell, Physical Review Letters 110, 248104 (2013).<br \/>\n[8] G.J. Mitchison, Science (1977).<br \/>\n[9] G. Van Iterson, Mathematische und mikroskopisch-anatomische Studien uber Blattstellungen: nebst Betrachtungen \u00fcber den Schalenbau der Miliolinen, Ph.D. thesis, TU Delft, Delft University of Technology (1907).<br \/>\n[10] A. Mughal, H. Chan, and D. Weaire, Physical Review Letters 106, 115704 (2011).<br \/>\n[11] A. Mughal, H. Chan, D. Weaire, and S. Hutzler, Physical Review E 85, 051305 (2012).<br \/>\n[12] A. Mughal and D. Weaire, Physical Review E (2014).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Phyllotaxis, disk packing and Fibonacci numbers Speaker : Dr Adil Mughal &#8211; Aberystwyth University, Wales Venue \u00a0\u00a0 : Thu 15 Sept 2016, 3pm (Murdoch University, Senate Room) Phyllotaxis (the arrangement of buds or branches on a stem, or\u00a0 flowerets on a flower) has long been debated [1, 2], particularly in regard to the widespread occurrence [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1058,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/2016_09_15_AdilMughal.png?fit=1280%2C450&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1059"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1122,"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1059\/revisions\/1122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/from-snot-to-tissue-org.gerdschroeder-turk.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}